Adobe Stock/ Everyday Health | Depression is one of the most common types of mental illness among Americans

All You Need To Know About Major Depressive Disorder

TreatmentFebruary 14, 2023

Adobe Stock/ Everyday Health | Depression is one of the most common types of mental illness among Americans

Major depressive disorder is a severe mental illness affecting millions worldwide. It is characterized by persistent sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable. This article will explore some facts about the major depressive disorder, including its causes, symptoms, and available treatment options.

Causes

SF/ Shutterstock | Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide

The exact cause of the major depressive disorder is unknown, but it is believed to result from genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Some known risk factors for major depression include a family history of depression, chronic stress, trauma, and substance abuse. Other factors contributing to the development of major depressive disorder involve imbalances in neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, and structural changes in the brain.

Symptoms

The symptoms of major depressive disorder can vary from person to person. Still, the most common symptoms include persistent sadness and hopelessness, a loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable, changes in appetite and sleep patterns, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. Other common symptoms of depression include guilt or worthlessness, decreased energy, and thoughts of suicide.

Diagnosis and treatment

SF/ Shutterstock | Chances are, some of your friends or relatives are coping with depression

Diagnosing major depressive disorder typically involves a thorough evaluation by a mental health professional, including a review of symptoms and a medical and psychiatric history. Treatment options for major depressive disorder may include medication, therapy, or a combination. Antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can help to regulate mood and improve symptoms of depression. Cognitive-behavioural and interpersonal therapy can also effectively treat major depressive disorder and may be recommended as a first-line treatment for mild to moderate depression.

Comorbidity

Major depressive disorder is often accompanied by other mental and physical health conditions, such as anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and physical illnesses. This is known as comorbidity, and it can make the symptoms of depression more severe and difficult to manage. For this reason, it is important to receive a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate treatment for depression and any comorbid conditions.

Importance of early intervention

Early intervention is crucial in the treatment of the major depressive disorder, as it can help to prevent the symptoms from becoming more severe and long-lasting. If left untreated, major depression can lead to serious health problems, including an increased risk of suicide and decreased quality of life. For this reason, it is important to seek help as soon as possible if you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of depression.

Bored Panda/ Getty Images | Most people who have experienced depression know that it is often accompanied by sleeping problems

Stigma and misconceptions

Despite the prevalence of the major depressive disorder, there is still a significant amount of stigma and misconceptions associated with this illness. Some people may view depression as a sign of weakness and hesitate to seek help. However, depression is a natural and treatable illness, and seeking help shows strength and courage.